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Romans 14:1-23

Paul continues to teach how all holy-people (Christians, saints, people who have received the gift of holy spirit) are to walk (behave, conduct themselves) during the everyday living of life with one-another, even though everyone may not function in exactly the same manner while awaiting Christ's coming to gather all the holy-people together with him.

Romans 14:1-3:

^14:1But the (person) being weak with the belief you must take-towards-yourselves, not into through-judgments of through-calculations; ^.2indeed (there is) he-who believes to eat all (foods) but the (person) being weak must eat tilled-herbs - ^.3the (person) eating must not despise the (person) not eating, but the (person) not eating must not judge the (person) eating for God took him towards-Himself.

You must take to yourselves (receive, as taking by the hand and drawing towards yourselves)...

• the holy-person who is weak (without-strength, infirm, feeble)
  • with/in the belief ("belief" is the information that God makes known to people to have confidence-in with assured certainty and surety - in this context it is the faith, the trust with respect to what God says regarding all that God by means of the Lord Jesus Christ has accomplished for us - including how we are to live our lives during the present age which is after the day of Pentecost when the gift of holy spirit was first made available),
• but you must not do this with a view to/for judgments made through-and-through (thorough judgments, separating or differentiating decisions, wholly distinguishing or discerning, judging the differences, the distinctions)
  • pertaining to through-calculations (regarding reckonings through-and-through, thorough reasonings, disputes, logical computations - don't spend your time trying to figure out how to balance the different calculations that people make regarding certain things).

Indeed (on the one hand) there is...

• he who believes (has faith) to eat all different kinds of food,

...but (on the other hand) there is...

• the person who is being weak (with the belief, as verse 1 above) who must eat plants that are tilled in the ground (such as garden herbs, vegetables or greens) -

...and even though there are people who believe differently regarding the eating of certain foods (whether it is because of their old thinking-pattern spilling-over in their minds from the law of Moses, or whether it is to make sure so as not to eat anything associated with idol worship, or whether it is because of some medicinal-reasoning or health-related thinking)...

• the person who is presently eating foods
  • must not despise (think nothing of, treat with contempt, set as naught)
    • the person who is not eating these foods,
• but the person who is not presently eating foods
  • must not judge (not make a decision on)
    • the person who is eating - why not? -
    • in truth, God received him to Himself (as taking him by the hand and drawing him towards Himself). 

All holy-people should behave correctly towards one-another at all times - refer also to verse 10 below). 

[Reference: Romans 15:1 and 7; I Corinthians 8:7-13, 10:25-33; Philippians 2:14; Colossians 2:16.]

Verse 4:

^.4Who are you, the (person) judging another's household-servant? To (his) own Lord he stands-firm or he falls - but he will be caused-to-stand for the Lord (is) able to cause him to-stand.

Who are you (singular, individual; what power do you have, who gives you the right or authority) - you who is presently judging (making your own decision) on a household-servant belonging to another (the servant living in his master’s house)?

It is to his own Lord (Master) that this household-servant stands firm (stands fast) or he falls in relation to his service for his Lord - but even so, a household-servant of the Lord Jesus Christ will be caused to stand, not fall. Why? In truth, the Lord is able (he has the able-power, the ability, the capability) to cause his own household-servant to stand within his household.

It is the Lord's decision to do as he sees fit, and nobody else legally has the right or authority to judge this household-servant.

In the service category, each one of us belongs to the Lord Jesus Christ, not to one-another. The Lord Jesus Christ will definitely cause every holy-person to stand within his kingdom after he comes to gather all of us together with him - whether we will be dead at the time of his coming to be present, or whether we will be alive at that time, because all of us will receive new spiritual-bodies and meet him in the air (refer to I Thessalonians 4:13-18).

[Reference: Romans 5:2; I Corinthians 10:12, 16:13; II Corinthians 1:24, 5:10; Galatians 5:1; Ephesians 6:11-18; Philippians 1:27, 4:1; Colossians 2:16; I Thessalonians 3:8; II Thessalonians 2:15; James 4:10-15.]

Verses 5-9:

^.5(There is) indeed he-who judges day beside day, and he-who judges every day - each-person must be fully-assured in (his) own mind - ^.6the (person) thinking (about) the day, to (the) Lord he thinks; the (person) eating, to (the) Lord he eats for he thanks God; and the (person) not eating, to (the) Lord he does not eat and he thanks God - ^.7for not-one of us lives to himself and not-one (of us) dies to himself; ^.8for both if-ever we may live, to the Lord we live - and if-ever we may die, to the Lord we die. Therefore both if-ever we may live and if-ever we may die, we are of the Lord, ^.9for into this Christ died and lived in order that he may be Lord both of dead-people and of (the people who are) living.

In regards to the walk (behavior, conduct) category...

• there is indeed (on the one hand) a holy-person who makes a decision on one day beside (aside-from, alongside, side-by-side to/with) another day
  • (as far as he is concerned one day is not similar to another day, when compared to/against one another),
• but on the other hand there is a holy-person who makes a decision on all/every day (as far as he is concerned every day is similar) -

...every single holy-person must be fully-assured (filled-up with assurance, the full carriage or carrying capacity, brought and filled-up to the measure and so he has the full contents of assurance, conviction and confidence)

• within his own mind (mind-set, organ of mental perception, mentality)
  • that he/she is behaving in accordance with God and the Lord Jesus Christ during the everyday living of life.

For example...

• the holy-person who is thinking (having his mind's thoughts) about/on a particular day,
  • he thinks about that day to/for the Lord Jesus Christ;
• the holy-person who is eating food,
  • he eats his food to/for the Lord Jesus Christ
    • for he expresses his thanks to God (he is being thankful for having the food to eat and for all that God by means of the Lord Jesus Christ has accomplished);
    • [The verb "to thank" in the Greek comes from the same root word as the word "grace" plus the word "well" or "well-off." Therefore to thank somebody is done by the freedom of will of the recipient expressing well his gratitude to the giver of the grace (the bestowed unmerited or undeserved favor) given to and received by the recipient; it is not a forced or obligated "thank you"!]
• and the holy-person who is not eating food,
  • he does not eat food at the present time to/for the Lord Jesus Christ
    • and he also expresses his thanks to God -

...for not-one of us lives to himself (none of us is alive to/for/with/by himself), and not-one of us dies to himself; for both...

• if it should ever happen that we would live (be alive),
  • we are alive to (for, with, by) the Lord Jesus Christ -
• and if it should ever happen that we would physically die,
  • we are dead to (for, with, by) the Lord Jesus Christ.

Therefore in both cases - if it should ever happen that we would be alive or we would be dead - we are the Lord's. We belong to the Lord Jesus Christ. We are his, whether we live or whether we die before he comes back to gather us all together with him.

In truth, it was into/for this (with a view to, directed to this objective) that...

• Christ died at one time,
• and he lived (he became alive again after he had died because God raised him up alive from being dead; refer to Romans 1:4 and 8:34)

...for the purpose and result that he would definitely be Lord (he would exercise his dominion and authority over, be the Master) both of dead-people (people who have died) and of the people who are living (presently alive).

The Lord Jesus Christ has established his lordship having dominion over all the holy-people (Christians) - and it does not matter whether any of us has already physically died or whether we are still alive living life awaiting his arrival in the air to gather us all together with him (both the dead holy-people and those who are living at that time).

[Reference: Acts 2:30-36, 10:36 and 42, 27:35; Romans 4:21, 6:9 and 10; I Corinthians 3:23, 6:19 and 20, 7:22 and 23, 10:25-33, 11:24, and chapter 15; II Corinthians 5:15; Galatians 2:20; Colossians 2:16 and 17, 3:17, 4:12; I Thessalonians 4:13-18, 5:9, 10 and 18; I Timothy 4:3-5; II Timothy 4:5 and 17; I Peter 4:5 and 6.]

Verses 10-12:

^.10But you, why do you judge your brother, or also you, why do you despise your brother? For we will all present-ourselves to the judgment-seat of Christ, ^.11for it was written², "I live, says (the) Lord, that every knee will bend to Me and every tongue will expressly-agree with God" - ^.12consequently each of us will give a word concerning himself.

Paul writes the questions in verse 10 in the singular form - not that they are addressed to any particular holy-person (Christian) among those in Rome, nor to imply that every single one of them was doing this - but each of them must consider his/her behavior to check if it is in alignment with God's will.

• You (singular, individual),
  • why do you judge (make a decision on)
    • your brother (another holy-person - your "brother" because he also has holy spirit-life within him; God is the Father of both of you in the spirit category)?
• Or also you,
  • why do you despise (treat contemptibly, set as naught, think nothing of)
    • your brother?

Paul does not write a direct answer to these questions, nor does he look for a defense from the readers, but instead he writes:

• In truth, we will all present ourselves to (all holy-people will cause ourselves to stand beside)
  • the judgment-seat of Christ (which will occur after Christ has gathered us together with him away from the earth - this judgment-seat will be a judicial-bench, a tribune or raised-platform from where he addresses the assembly in front of him - Christ will make the decisions in accordance with God's will because God has given all judgment to His son [some Greek texts read "God" instead of "Christ"]; refer to II Corinthians 5:10),
• for it was written and continues written,
  • "Emphatically I live,'
    • says the Lord,
    • that
  • all/every knee will bend (curve in homage, worship, submission, prayer) to Me
  • and all/every tongue will expressly-agree with God (will speak out in full agreement with God, definitely say the same thing, speak the same words, speak agreement, assent-to with intensity, from inside to outside, completely agree with God)" - ....

The reference in verse 11 is taken from the prophetic writing of Isaiah 45:22 and 23. Paul quotes partly from the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the old covenant writings) but he writes some different words thereby giving great emphasis to the context of which he is writing. God indeed declared and promised with an oath founded-upon and witnessed-by Himself - but here in Romans, the magnitude of the truth of God's words is made-known in an even greater capacity by writing "I live, says the Lord." In the Greek there is a definite word for "I" plus the verb meaning "I live" giving emphasis that He is speaking about Himself and that He is alive!

In addition, Paul includes the word "Lord" when referring to God and thereby he is also emphasizing and confirming the validity and authenticity of God’s lordship, dominion and authority over and relative-to those to whom God is speaking, plus the respectful submission due to Him. This word (Greek kurios) is used in Greek as a translation for the Hebrew word Jehovah (Yahweh) and refers to God in His covenant-relationship to that-which He created.

Paul continues:

• ...consequently each of us (then, correspondingly every single one of us, each holy-person individually, particularly, singly, distinctly)
  • will give a word concerning/about himself (a spoken account of his inner thoughts).

As a consequence to what God has already revealed regarding a future time-period, we will give an account of/for our walk, our behavior, our conduct during the everyday living of our lives while we await Christ's coming to be present when he will gather us all together with him. It is after the gathering-together that we will stand before the judgment-seat of Christ.

Because we are holy-people, God by means of the Lord Jesus Christ will not judge us as to whether we are or are-not righteous (justified) - because we have already been judged in Christ and found to be righteous - we are justified spiritually. Our spiritual relationship and standing is that God is our Father and we are His children, plus the Lord Jesus Christ is our Lord and brother - this spiritual relationship cannot change.

The only relationship that can fluctuate is our fellowship, our walk, our behavior, our conduct - corresponding to whether we carry-out God's will as we live our everyday lives or not!

[Reference: Isaiah chapter 45; Matthew 11:25; John 5:22; Acts 10:42, 17:31; Romans 8:1, 9-11, and 33-39, 11:4; I Corinthians 3:8-15, 4:3-5; II Corinthians 5:5-10.]

Verse 13:

^.13Therefore let us no-longer judge one-another, but you must rather judge this: not to put a stumbling(-block) to the brother or an offense.

Following-on logically, let us no longer judge one-another (this is a polite command or a very strong suggestion advising holy-people not to judge each other anymore, not to make decisions for or against another holy-person any longer)...

• but contrary to judging one-another,
  • all of you must rather judge this (constantly increasing, more and more you should make a decision regarding the following):
    • not to put (place, set)
    • a stumbling-block (the actual thing against-which someone would strike himself and consequently stumble)
      • to/with/at/for the brother (another holy-person, as verse 10 above)
    • or an offense (a cause for stumbling, a trap-stick as when bait is fastened to a stick whereby if a person did not take heed to it but struck/hit against it then the trap is sprung, he would get himself caught in the trap).

If any decision pronouncing or imposing a particular judgment needs to be made, then it must come from the Lord Jesus Christ who is our Master.

[Reference: Romans 16:17; I Corinthians 8:6-13, 10:32 and 33; I John 2:10.]

Verses 14 and 15:

^.14I knew² and I was persuaded² in (the) Lord Jesus that nothing (is) common by means of itself, except to the (person) calculating something to be common to that-person (it is) common, ^.15for if your brother is caused-sorrow because-of food you no-longer walk according to love¹, you must not destroy that-person with your food on behalf of whom Christ died.

Paul continues:

• I knew and continue to know (perceive, see to the end of perceiving and knowing with my mind)
• and I was persuaded and continue persuaded (convinced)
  • within the cause and sphere of action of the Lord Jesus (basing my perception and conviction upon the information revealed to me by my Master who is Jesus)
• that not-one-thing is common (in the sense of being defiled, ceremonially unlawful and unclean)
  • by means of itself (through itself, of its own making),
• except (unless) to/for the person who is calculating (reckoning, computing, counting) something to be common (defiled)
  • then to that-person it is common (that person does not believe all that God in Christ has accomplished for each and every holy-person; refer to verse 1 above; therefore his partaking in it is defiled against God, even though it may seem to an onlooker that he is doing what is right - in reality as far as God is concerned he is walking in unbelief of God's words to/for him),
• for example, if/since your brother (another holy-person) is caused sorrow (grieved) on account of the food that you eat,
  • then you (singular, individual) are the one who is not walking in accordance with love¹ any longer (the verb "to walk" literally means: to move the feet around, to go on foot, but figuratively it means: to walk around during the everyday living of life, to behave oneself, to conduct oneself - you are not behaving yourself in conformity and proportion to/with Godly love),
    • [The word "love¹" or the verb "to love¹" comes from the Greek word agape which is God's kind of love. To love with His love means to love the same way as God loves, to manifest God's love towards another, whether it is towards God Himself, the Lord Jesus Christ, yourself, your Christian neighbor, or towards anyone else. God tells His children today (all who have the spirit of Christ within us) how to Godly-love by means of His previously-revealed written Word and also via our holy spirit-life whereby we receive information from Him regarding how to love in different specific situations. It is the carrying out of God's commandments, His Word, which is the correct usage or way to manifest God's kind of love according to His will (refer to I Corinthians chapter 13 and I John 5:1-3). It is not the same as the brotherly or friendly kind of love, nor is it the same as the emotional/feelings/sexual kind of love.]
  • you must not destroy that-person (utterly ruin him, completely loose him away from the true and correct belief in his walk/behavior)
    • with/by the food that you eat
  • on behalf of whom Christ died (Christ died in his interests also).

You are not to destroy that person's opportunity to live as God wants that person to live by causing your brother grief, because you refuse to walk within Godly-love in what you are doing just because you understand all that has been done for you by God. You should be considerate of your brothers and sisters in the one body in Christ and help them to believe all that God has done by means of the Lord Jesus Christ for all of His children, not only for you!

[Reference: Acts 10:9-16; Romans 5:6 and 8; I Corinthians chapter 8, 10:16, 17 and 25-33, 12:12-14, 15:3; II Corinthians 5:14; Galatians 2:20, 3:13; I Peter 2:21, 3:18; Titus 1:13-16.]

Verses 16-18:

^.16Therefore your good-thing must not be blasphemed, ^.17for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking but (it is) righteousness and peace and joy in holy spirit, ^.18for the (person) serving-as-a-slave to Christ in this (is) well-pleasing to God and approved to men.

Following-on logically...

• the good-thing which you have and perform (the "good-thing" is that-which issues from God, what is good in God's viewpoint; God is the One Who issues His goodness and He sets the standard to be conformed to by all of you holy-people)
  • must not be blasphemed (not be evilly-spoken-of, treated with lack of Godly reverential-respect, calumniated),

...for the kingdom of God (all that is contained within God's sovereignty, His kingly or royal dominion and government and rule and territory and power, etc, which is holy and spiritual because God is Holy Spirit - God's kingdom)...

• is not eating (it is not composed-of or constituted-by the act or action of eating)
  • and drinking (the act or action of drinking)
• but on the contrary
• it is (composed-of or constituted-by)
  • righteousness (justness, justice, the attributes of justification, the quality of being and doing what is just/right from God's point of view)
  • and peace (tranquil harmony, tranquility, peaceful wholeness, without any strife or disagreement)
  • and joy (rejoicing)
    • in holy spirit (within the sphere of action of holy/sanctified spirit - the gift of holy spirit that is within every holy-person),
• for the person who is serving in the position and capacity of being a slave (a bond-servant, bound to carry out service)
  • to/for Christ within the sphere of action of holy spirit
    • is well-pleasing (goodly agreeable, acceptable and gratifying)
      • to/for/with God
    • and approved (a person who has been proved by testing or examination and thereby approved regarding his behavior, the way he conducts himself during his everyday living)
      • to/for/with men (those who are in alignment with God's and the Lord Jesus Christ's point of view - this of course may not necessarily be everyone’s viewpoint!).

A holy-person must walk according to Godly-love so that when there are brothers and sisters also present who do not believe as much as he does regarding all that God by means of the Lord Jesus Christ has made available today for all of His children - then they will be given the opportunity to learn and believe more of God's truth and to practice it in their walk (behavior) during the everyday living of life.

[Reference: Matthew 6:24-34; Romans 2:10, 7:6, 12:1, 2, 9, 11 and 21, 16:10; I Corinthians 4:20, 8:4-13, 11:19; II Corinthians 10:18; Galatians 6:10; Ephesians 4:28; Philippians 4:18; Colossians 3:24; I Thessalonians 5:15; Hebrews 12:28, and 13:20 and 21; III John 1:11.]

Verse 19:

^.19Therefore consequently, let us pursue the-things of the peace and the-things of the edification, the (edification) into one-another.

Following-on logically in correspondence with what is written previously, let us pursue (this is a polite command or a very strong suggestion advising all holy-people, Christians, to intensely follow, proceed earnestly after)...

• the things consisting-of the peace (the tranquil harmony, tranquility, peaceful wholeness, without any strife or disagreement; as verse 17 above)
• and the things consisting-of the edification (the action or process of building upwards and establishing),
  • emphatically and specifically the edification into one-another (with a view to, directed to all of us who are holy-people).

Interestingly, there is a Greek word, oikos, from which many other Greek words come. These words, which all come from the same root-word, may be translated into English as: house, to build a house, household, householders, to build, building, to dwell, dwelling, to inhabit, habitation, to edify, edification, plus many other words in the English language, but we ought to understand that when reading any one of these words they all relate to each other even though in English it is difficult to consistently use the same basic word in every rendering of it to communicate the meaning. Also, it is used figuratively referring to the action or process of building upwards and establishing.

[Reference: Romans 15:2 and 33, 16:20; I Corinthians 10:23, 14:3, 5, 12 and 26, plus in this context it may be helpful to read all of chapters 12-14; Galatians 6:10; Ephesians 2:14-18, 4:3, 12, 16 and 29, 6:15; Philippians 4:7-9; Colossians 3:15; I Thessalonians 5:23; II Thessalonians 3:16; II Timothy 2:22; Hebrews 12:14, 13:20; I Peter 3:11.]

Verse 20:

^.20You must not disunite the work of God by-reason-of food - indeed all (foods are) clean but (it is) a bad-thing for the man, the (man) eating by means of a stumbling(-block).

You must not disunite (disintegrate, dissolve, loosen down the parts one from another, dismember - in the category of a person's everyday living of life)...

• the work of God (God's deed, what God wrought, the end-product issuing from Him, the effect produced with/by God's action expending His energy)  
  • for the sake of the food that is eaten -
• emphatically on the one hand -
  • all foods are clean (free from any bad foreign mixture in the ceremonial sense from God's viewpoint and therefore may be eaten by us)
• but on the other hand contrary to that -
  • it is a bad-thing (that-which does not issue from God)
  • for/to the man (human-being)
    • emphatically and specifically the man who is eating food by means of a stumbling-block (from the time the person begins eating right-through until the time he ends eating - he would be what another person strikes-against and consequently stumbles from walking with/for God and the Lord Jesus Christ).

[Reference: I Corinthians 8:9-13; Ephesians 2:10; Titus 1:15.]

Verses 21-23:

^.21(It is) a beautiful-thing not to eat meat nor to drink wine nor (to be) in that-which your brother stumbles-against [or is caused-offense or is weak]. ^.22Do you have belief? You must have (it) according to yourself before God. Happy (is) the (person) not judging himself in that-which he approves - ^.23but the (person) throughly-judging-himself if-ever he may eat was condemned² because (his eating would) not (be) from belief, and everything which (is) not from belief is sin.

It is a beautiful-thing (it has a manifested decorous, harmonious, and acceptable goodness)...

• not to eat meat (dead-flesh, the flesh of dead animals, etc)
• nor to drink wine (the fermented juice of grapes)
• nor to be in that-which your brother stumbles-against (a holy-person should not be doing or involved in something that another holy-person would beat or strike himself towards/against thereby falling away from the truth of God's words to/for all holy-people during the everyday living of life)
  • [or is caused offense or is weak (without strength, infirm, feeble) - this phrase is omitted from many Greek texts].

Emphatically you (singular, individual) - do you have belief (faith, trust regarding all of what God has done for you by means of the Lord Jesus Christ concerning this situation)?

If the answer is "Yes" - then you must have (hold) that belief...

• according to yourself (by yourself)
  • in the sight and presence of God (God is the One before Whom you believe what He says and your actions should also line-up with what He says; you should not go "flaunting" all that you believe in front of everybody else, because this would be a total lack of consideration for your brothers and sisters in Christ; your belief of what God has said is between you and God).

Happy is the person (the word translated "happy" means that this person is pronounced happy, felicitous; he is happy from God's viewpoint, not that he feels happy at that time necessarily, but because of the reason that Paul explains - happy is the holy-person)...

• who is not judging himself (not making a decision regarding himself, not pronouncing judgment against himself)
  • in that-which he approves (during the time that he is working what he has previously put to the test, what he has proved by examination and thus he presently approves it - he knows that it is in alignment and harmony with God's intention; refer to Romans 12:2) -

...but the person...

• who is throughly judging himself (making a differentiating decision regarding himself, wholly distinguishing, discerning, separating, thoroughly judging himself to be different from what God has given all holy-people to believe regarding the eating of various kinds of food)
  • at whatever time he would eat
• was condemned and continues condemned (a decision or judgment brought against him, a sentence pronounced against him in his personal walk/behavior before God)
  • because he would not be eating
    • from belief (proceeding out-from or originating-from faith, the information that God makes known to people to have confidence-in, to believe, to have faith-in, to trust with assured certainty and surety),
  • and everything (all, every single thing) which is not from belief
    • is sin (a sinful action, error, aberration from God's words to/for holy-people, missing the mark of His Word, swerving from the truth of what God says).

Now - we should recognize that God by way of Paul is not teaching that a holy-person (Christian) has to have specific instructions from God and believe those instructions every time he has a cup of coffee or eats a doughnut!

What Paul is teaching is that in everything that we do - we are to walk worthily of all that God by means of His son, the Lord Jesus Christ, has accomplished and will bring to pass as God has said - and we are to be thankful towards God. We conduct our lives by believing what God has told us and continues to tell us, and thereby we live happily as we await the coming of Christ to gather us together with him.

The person who makes himself separate or differentiates himself from the other holy-people because of food or some fleshly-thing, has sinned against God in the category of the state of his fellowship-relationship with God, because he has done that-which was not based on belief of what God has given to be believed.

[Reference: Acts 10:20; Romans 12:2; I Corinthians chapter 8, 10:13-33, 11:28-30; Galatians 2:11-21, 6:4; Ephesians 5:10; Philippians 1:10; ; I Thessalonians 5:21; Hebrews 11:1; James 1:6, 4:17; I John 1:9. Note: verbs with a superscript 2 (²) immediately following them indicate the "perfect" tense - details are provided in the "Relevant Notes" link of this study.]

Articles:
(TrueBibleStudy.com)

Adam and Eve
Birth of Jesus Christ
Baptism
Church, Temple, Body of Christ
Creation
Crucifixion of Jesus
Devil, satan, and evil
Hope and Resurrection
Love in I Corinthians 13
Name of God
Name of the Lord Jesus Christ
Pentecost and the gift of holy spirit
Salvation and Behavior
Stars and Constellations
Suffering while doing good
Summary of the Book of Ruth
Who is the Bride?