Continuing from chapter 5, we should remember that Jesus was addressing all those listening to him who were eligible to belong to the kingdom of God at a future time, which he has been talking about. Of course, whether or not they would actually enter into the kingdom of God depended upon their believing of God's Word to them being true to/for themselves. Jesus was speaking God's words to them. Then at the time when God and the Lord Jesus Christ would make it possible for them to belong to the kingdom of God, these people would become children of God by receiving holy spirit-life and thereby belong to His kingdom.
Matthew 6:1-4:
6:1You must have-attention not to do your righteousness in-front-of men towards to be gazed-upon by them, but if not, indeed you do not have a compensation with your Father, the (Father) in the heavens. .2Therefore whenever you may do a merciful-deed let you not trumpet in-front-of you wholly-as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the narrow-streets so-that they may be glorified by men; with-certainty I say to you, they have their compensation. .3But (during) your doing a merciful-deed, your left must not know what your right does .4so-that your merciful-deed may be in the hidden(-place) and your Father, the (Father) observing in the hidden(-place), will give-away to you.
Jesus says: you must have-attention not to do (hold or turn your minds, thoughts and attention towards or for the purpose of not doing/not making) your righteousness or justness in-front-of men (before the men, mankind) towards to be gazed-upon by them (for the purpose of you being seen or looked-at purposefully by them, in the sense of making a public show to/for them to admire you). But if not, indeed you do not have compensation with your Father, the Father in the heavens (if not, then emphatically you don't hold a wage at rest beside/in store with your Father Who is in the heavens).
In verse 1 some Greek texts have the word "merciful-deed" instead of "righteousness" – merciful-deed being the next subject talked about by Jesus in the context of how to behave righteously. Also, phrases such as "your Father, the (Father) in the heavens" or "your Father, the heavenly (Father)" puts the emphasis on what Father Jesus is talking about – your Father Who is in the heavens or Who is heavenly, as opposed to some other kind of father such as their natural biological father or ancestor.
A 'father' is literally one who has begotten a child with/by his own seed/sperm, and so the son/daughter has originated from his father's seed, and this fact cannot be changed. The father is strong and he protects, feeds, etc, his family. A name is a word or phrase given to a person, etc, to be called and known-by, in order to designate and describe the distinguishing and distinctive constitution, character, quality, workings, etc. The only true God originally created, formed and made mankind (Genesis chapters 1 and 2) and He is Jesus' Father. God gave Jesus the permission and authority to use the name of "Father" when talking to/with Him and when referring to God while speaking with others. [Reference: Matthew 1:18-25, 3:13-17; John 17:6, 11, 12, and 26.]
When teaching the people, Jesus uses the term "your Father" referring to the only true God because that's what God told him to do, and so he was teaching them to perceive God as their Father. The people to whom he was speaking were descendants of Jacob/Israel and they were God's adopted sons (refer to Exodus 4:22). They were not His sons by birth because permanent holy spirit-life had not been made available yet. Jesus Christ first had to complete all that was required for man's salvation and redemption, and then on the day of Pentecost the Lord Jesus Christ made permanent holy spirit-life available to mankind (see Acts chapter 2) and from Pentecost onwards people could become God's sons by birth.
Jesus continues: therefore at whatever time you, singular individual, would do/make a merciful-deed (the giving of alms by mercy to those who were in need, withholding merited judgment and punishment from them), let you not trumpet in-front-of you (this is a polite command or a very strong suggestion advising those listening to him not to blow the trumpet, not to make a trumpet sound to draw other people's attention to yourself) wholly-as the hypocrites do in the synagogues (within the assemblies) and in the narrow-streets in such a manner that they would be glorified by men (be given the importance, splendor, renown by the men, mankind).
Hypocrites are those who answer in reply in pretense as if wearing a mask playing a part on a stage, feigning to be what they are not, to be what others think they are or want them to be, who judge from underneath the truth and so deliberately misrepresent themselves and the truth of God's Word. Jesus says: With certainty (amen, surely, truly) I say to you, they presently and actively have their compensation (they hold their wage/hire, they receive from men all that is due to them – they do what they do to be seen and glorified by men, and they are seen and glorified by men, therefore they receive or get what they are looking for).
But while you are doing (performing) a merciful-deed, your left must not know what your right does (your left-hand side must not personally know the thing that your right-hand side presently performs) in such a manner your merciful-deed would be in the hidden-place (a place that is concealed from view by anyone or anything else), and your Father Who is presently and actively observing in the hidden-place (looking-at you and mentally-envisioning, being mentally-aware and contemplating, not referring to physical sight but to God's seeing what you are doing even though other people don't see) He will give-away to you (He will pay-back what is due or obligated to you).
[Reference: Matthew 5:20.]
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