John 14:1-31

John 14:1-4:

^14:1"Your heart must not be disturbed - you must believe into God and you must believe into me. ^.2In the house of my Father there are many rooms - but if not - ever I said to you that I journey to prepare a place for you?; ^.3and if-ever I may journey and prepare a place for you, again I come and I will take you towards myself in order that where I am also you may be; ^.4and where I go you knew² the way."

Jesus continues to talk with the remaining learning-disciples before they end the meal which began in John chapter 13. He says:

• "Your heart must not be disturbed (the word "heart" literally means: the organ which keeps the fleshy body alive by circulating the blood; but figuratively in this context it means: the center or core of your being, the seat of your whole personal selves and living as one group or body of people having one heart - it is imperative that your heart is not caused to be stirred up, agitated, just like a normally calm pool of water is agitated and moves when something else is thrown into it breaking through its surface and causing a rippling effect over the whole pool) -
  • you must believe into God (it is imperative that you have faith-in, trust into, directed-to, or regarding God whereby He is the object of your belief; the usage of the name "God" emphasizes the truth that God is the First, Superior or Ultimate One, the One Who has power, executes judgment, and emanates what He is, His power and light)
  • and you must believe into me (also it is imperative that you have faith-in, trust into, directed-to, or regarding me whereby I am the object of your believing, you must trust what I say and do).
• In the house of my Father there are many rooms (there are a lot of places as apartments or flats to remain, stay, abide within my Father's dwelling; the usage of the name "Father" emphasizes the truth that God is the Father of Jesus; there is a Father/son relationship between them) -
  • but if not (if that is not the case) -
    • ever I said to you (would I say to you at anytime)
    • that I am journeying (passing from here to that location, traveling)
    • to prepare a place (make a location, an area ready) for you?
    • [The unspoken answer is: "No, you would not say that to us if it were not true."];
• and if it should happen at any time that I would journey and prepare a place for you,
  • again I come (a second, another, further time, once again I am coming)
  • and I will take you towards myself (I will receive you, in the sense of taking you beside or alongside myself so that you are with me)
  • for the purpose and result that
    • where emphatically I am (in Greek there is a definite word for “I” plus the verb meaning “I am” giving emphasis – in the location that I myself am)
    • also emphatically you may be (again there is emphasis by including a definite word for “you” – you yourselves would be there with me);
• and where emphatically I go (into/in/at the location or place that I myself am actively leading myself under, in the sense of going without any argument, under cover, as animals go because they are under a yoke without going from side to side or intentionally stopping to do something else)
  • you knew and continue to know the way (you perceive, see to the end of perceiving and knowing with your minds the road or path – figuratively referring to the manner of action and method of proceeding to be taken by you)."

Verses 5-7:

^.5Thomas says to him, "Lord, we did not know² where you go - how are we able to know² the way?" ^.6Jesus says to him, "I am the way and the truth and the life; not-one-person comes towards the Father except by means of me; ^.7if you knew² me, also you will know my Father, and from now you know Him and you saw² Him."

One of the students called Thomas says to Jesus, "Lord (Master), we did not know and continue not to know (perceive) where you are going (leading yourself) - how are we able to know and continue to know the way (in what manner are we capable of perceiving the road or path, as verse 4 above)?"

Jesus says to him...

• "Emphatically I am (again there is emphasis as verse 3 above – I myself presently and actively am)
  • the way (the road, the path that God is making available to/for mankind – figuratively referring to the manner of action and method of proceeding to be taken by mankind - there is no other way to God than by means of Jesus the Christ)
  • and the truth (the essential reality, the inherent verity that God is making available to/for mankind, the quality of truth, the state of being true - there is no other way to receive God's truth than by means of Jesus the Christ)
  • and the life (the state of being alive, referring to holy spirit-life, the eternal life that God is making available to/for mankind - there is no other way to receive God's true life than by means of Jesus the Christ);
• Not-one-person (nobody, none of mankind, not one individual, no human-being)
  • comes (goes) towards the Father
  • except/unless by means of me (if that person does not come through me whereby I am the agency by way of which the initiated progress of a human-being passes-through in order to reach his/her accomplishment of approaching and then being with the Father, God; I am interposed between the start and the result of a human-being going towards the Father);
• if you personally knew and continue to know me (have a truly active and relative knowing, are personally knowledgeable of me),
  • also at a future time you will personally know my Father (God),
• and from now (away from this time, from this time onwards)
  • you personally know Him
  • and you saw and continue to see Him (you have already perceived with your eyes so as to understand the object-of-sight in your mind's thoughts as a result of physical sight - what object of sight? - the Father, God)."

They had physically seen the effects of God in action by means of Jesus doing God's works - they had not physically seen God Himself Who is Holy Spirit. God is unseen by the physical eyes of fleshy mankind. Jesus clarifies this in the following verses.

[Reference: Matthew 11:27; John 5:24 and 37, 6:35 and 48, 8:31, 32 and 40, 11:16 and 25; Acts 4:12; I Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 10:19-22.]

Verses 8-14:

^.8Philip says to him, "Lord, you must point-out the Father to us and it is sufficient for us." ^.9Jesus says to him, "I am with you for so-much time and did you not know² me, Philip? The (person) having seen² me saw² the Father. How do you say, 'You must point-out the Father to us'? ^.10Do you not believe that I (am) in the Father and the Father is in me? The spoken-matters which I say to you - I do not utter-forth from myself; but the Father remaining in me does His works. ^.11You must believe me that I (am) in the Father and the Father (is) in me - but if not - you must believe because-of the works themselves. ^.12With-certainty, with-certainty I say to you, the (person) believing into me - the works which I do, also that-person will do, and greater of these he will do because I journey towards the Father; ^.13and which thing ever you may ask in my name, this I will do in order that the Father may be glorified in the son; ^.14if-ever you may ask me something in my name, I will do (it).

Then Philip says to Jesus, "Lord (Master), you must point-out the Father to us (indicate Him to us, as pointing Him out with your finger) and it is sufficient for us (adequate, satisfying with enough for us, we'll be satisfied then)."

Jesus says to him...

• "I am in company and association with all of you for such an amount of chronological time
  • and did you not personally know and continue not to know me (with a truly active and relative knowing, are you not personally knowledgeable of who I am, what I am doing, and how I am doing these things, as verse 7 above), Philip?
• The person (member of mankind, human-being) who has seen me and continues to see me (perceives me with his eyes so as to understand the object-of-sight, me Jesus, in his mind's thoughts as a result of physical sight)
  • has seen and continues to see the Father (through my words and actions according to the holy spirit that He has given to me - but God Himself is not perceived with the physical eyes of mankind).
  • How do emphatically you say (in Greek there is a definite word for “you” plus the verb meaning “you say” giving emphasis – in what way/manner are you yourself saying to me),
    • 'You must point-out the Father to us'?
• Do you not believe (you singular, individual - don't you have faith, trust) that
  • I am in the Father (I am within the Father's sphere of action because He gave holy spirit to me)
  • and the Father is in me (the Father is within my sphere of action because He gave holy spirit to me)?
• The spoken-matters (the portions of the whole of God’s Word, each containing a specific discourse necessary for that particular situation or circumstance)
• which emphatically I say to all of you (again there is emphasis by including a definite word for “I” – that I myself lay out before you) -
  • I do not utter-forth from myself (I do not speak words originating and resulting from myself; refer to John 12:49 and 50);
• but the Father remaining in me (staying, continuing within my sphere of action via the holy spirit within me)
  • is presently and actively doing His works (God my Father is performing His deeds, the things wrought, the end-products, the effects produced with/by the action of expending His energy - the Father is working within me and the things that I say and do are by the power and authority of God my Father).
• You must believe me (it is imperative that all of you have faith in me, trust me, have confidence with assured certainty and surety)
  • that I am in the Father and the Father is in me (as verse 10 above) -
    • but if not (if that is not the case) -
    • you must believe on account of the works themselves (it is imperative that you have faith, trust - that I am in the Father and the Father is in me - because of the deeds themselves when you see His works being done by me, you see the effects of His works in the physical realm; refer to John 10:37 and 38).
• With-certainty (surely, truly, amen!),
• with-certainty I say to you (by repeating this word "with-certainty" Jesus gives added emphasis to what he is saying - emphatically surely, truly, amen I am laying these words before you),
  • the person who is believing into me (having faith-in, trusting into, directed-to, or regarding me whereby I am the object of that person's believing, trusting what I am saying and doing) -
    • the works which emphatically I am doing (the effects produced with/by the action of expending my energy, the deeds that I myself am performing which are God's works at the present time having the spirit that God gave to me),
  • also that-person will do (at a future time specifically the believer will perform these also, doing God's works),
  • and greater of these he will do (works that are comparatively more-great, larger in quantity, quality, magnitude, importance, rank, depth, degree, etc, relative-to the works which that-person is currently performing - he will perform greater works at a future time which are also of/from God, His works)
    • because emphatically I journey towards the Father (I myself am passing, traveling from here so as to approach and be with God my Father; this is referring to the truth that he would receive his new spiritual body from God with its eternal holy spirit-life - this would provide greater capability, power, etc, than what was available to mankind at the time when Jesus was speaking in this record; refer to verses 2 and 3 above);
  • and whatever you would ask (for something to be given to you, as an inferior asking a superior - ask me after my resurrection)
    • in my name (within the cause and sphere of action of everything that my name represents and stands for - all the authoritative-power, ability, workings, etc, that God my Father will give to me when He will raise me up out-from the dead-people)
  • this I will do (I will perform this thing according to your request - after my resurrection and while I am with my Father preparing a place for you)
    • for the purpose and result that
    • the Father would be glorified (given the importance, splendor, renown)
      • in the son (within the cause and sphere of action, character and attributes of me - His son);
  • if it should happen at any time that you would ask me in my name for me to give you something (as verse 13 above),
    • emphatically I will do it (I myself will perform that thing according to your request).

What they were to ask Jesus at that future time should be within his sphere of action - in his name! Asking Jesus for something to be given to them and saying the literal words of his name in that sentence without asking within his sphere of action - is not what Jesus was teaching them; they could not force him to be involved with their doings and sayings just because they may say the name 'Jesus.'

Jesus was looking forward to the future time after his resurrection by God when he would become the first of the new kind of man, human-beings having a spiritual body with its eternal holy spirit-life.

[Reference: John 1:18 and 32-34, 4:34, 5:19, 20, 36 and 43, 6:7, 46 and 63, 10:25, 32, 37 and 38, 12:49 and 50, 13:1; Ephesians 2:10; I John 4:20; III John 1:11. Also refer to the article The Name of the Lord Jesus Christ.]

Verses 15-21:

^.15If-ever you may love¹ me, you will keep the commandments, my (commandments); ^.16and I will ask the Father and He will give to you another encourager in order that it may be with you into the age - ^.17the spirit of the truth, which the world is not able to receive because it does not view it with-attention neither knows (it); you know it because it remains with you and is in you. ^.18I will not leave you orphans - I come towards you. ^.19Yet a small (interval) and the world no-longer views me with-attention, but you view me with-attention because I live and you will live; ^.20in that day you will know that I (am) in my Father and you in me and I in you. ^.21The (person) having my commandments and keeping them, that-person is the (person) loving¹ me, but the (person) loving¹ me will be loved¹ by my Father, and I will love¹ him and I will manifest myself to him."

Jesus continues speaking to his learning-disciples:

• If it should ever happen that you would love¹ me (be continuously loving me with God’s kind of love),
  • you will keep the commandments (as keeping an eye on them, have them in safekeeping, and therefore not neglecting or violating but watching-over, taking-care-of, maintaining, and being observant of the things that are enjoined, commanded, or directed with authority to/for you),
    • emphatically and specifically my commandments (mine, those that I give to/for you);
• and emphatically I will ask the Father (at a future time I myself will request Him for something; this usage of words implies familiarity between Jesus and God his Father asking Him to do something)
  • and He will give to you another encourager (another one who exhorts you, who calls you beside, as a concerned father or mother would call their children close to them under their arms so as to help them to do what is right in the walk/behavior category; and in this context it includes the truth that this encourager is called or invited to assist you as an advocate on your behalf towards God my Father - an encourager of the same kind/sort as I am)
  • for the purpose and result that it may be in company and association with you into the age (for the lifetime, the duration of life, for/throughout the age, referring to the specific age while I am preparing a place for you; as verses 2 and 3 above) -
    • - who/what encourager? -
    • the spirit of the truth (the spirit having the quality of truth and emanates God’s essential reality, inherent verity, the state of being true),
  • which the world is not able to receive (referring to the people who are limited to/by the cosmos, the ordered arrangement that God created but which has fallen from its original condition - the inhabitants of the world who reject God and me, His son, do not have the ability, the capability to take the spirit of the truth so as to use it)
    • because the world does not view the spirit of the truth with-attention (the people belonging to the world are not attentively viewing, contemplating the spirit of the truth in/with their minds)
    • neither personally knows the spirit of the truth;
  • emphatically you personally know it (you yourselves have a truly active and relative knowing of it, you are personally knowledgeable of the spirit of the truth)
    • because - from the time that you will receive it -
    • it remains with you (stays, continues, abides at rest beside, at or with you)
    • and is within you.
• I will not leave you orphans (the word "orphans" literally refers to people who have been bereaved of their parents - I will not send you away, dismiss you, discharge you, let you go from my concern rendering you as orphans separated away from me who protects and guides you as a parent or teacher) -
  • I am coming towards you (at that future time I will be in the process of going towards you; refer to verse 3 above).
• Yet for a small interval of time (still a little time, shortly) and then the world is not any longer attentively viewing me (the people belonging to the world are not contemplating me in/with their minds anymore),
  • but emphatically you (you yourselves) are attentively viewing me
    • because emphatically I live (I myself am alive - Jesus is referring the time after God would raise him up alive from being dead and give him his new spiritual body with its holy spirit-life)
    • and emphatically you will live (at a future time you yourselves also will be alive by receiving a new spiritual body with its holy spirit-life);
• in that day (at/during the specific time-period which begins at a future time when I will come back to/for you; refer to verses 3 and 18 above)
  • emphatically you will personally know that I am in my Father (referring to the spirit category; as verses 10 and 11 above)
    • and you in me and I in you (again referring to the spirit category, the oneness of spirit, the same eternal holy spirit-life in us).
• The person (man, human-being) who has/holds
• my commandments and keeps them (as verse 15 above),
  • specifically that-person is the one who is loving¹ me (with God's kind of love; as verse 15 above),
  • but/and the person who is loving¹ me
    • will be loved¹ by my Father (my Father Who is the only true God will love that man by/under the power, hand, or agency of His kind of love, Godly-love),
• and emphatically I will love¹ him (I myself will Godly-love that man)
• and I will manifest myself to him (I will evidence myself, make myself openly-seen as shining light on myself, show myself forth to him)."

The noun "love¹" and the verb "loving¹" come from the Greek word agape which is God's kind of love. To love with His love means to love the same way as God loves, to manifest God's love towards another, whether it is towards God Himself, the Lord Jesus Christ, yourself, your neighbor, or towards anyone else. Before the day of Pentecost (which is recorded in Acts 2:1-4), God told His people how to Godly-love in His revealed spoken and/or written words (and at times certain individuals among His people received holy spirit from God temporarily whereby they received information from Him regarding how to love in different specific situations). It is the carrying out of God's commandments, His Word, which is the correct usage or way to manifest God's kind of love according to His will. It is not the same as the brotherly or friendly kind of love, nor is it the same as the emotional/feelings/sexual kind of love.

As we read the four books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, we must understand that Jesus was in the process of accomplishing redemption and salvation. Therefore the 'Acts chapter 2' gift of holy spirit (which is the spirit of Christ) that God made available by means of the Lord Jesus Christ on the day of Pentecost, could NOT be given to anybody before that day because it was not available to be given.

Today of course Jesus has accomplished redemption and salvation and so he is the resurrected Christ, the second man having received his spiritual body, the life of which is holy spirit (not soul/breath life). Christ is the new man, the last man. After the time that all holy-people (Christians) will be gathered together away from the earth, Christ Jesus will come to be present on earth for those who will believe at that time among the nation of Israel and the other nations, the Gentiles, as ‘the son of man’ and he will exercise the authority that he has, his dominion on/over the earth having regained and replaced the first man and all that the first man gave to the devil/satan.

The resurrected Christ Jesus is now second-in-command to God his Father. Between Revelation 20:15 and Revelation 21:1, all the people who will be judged righteous (just, justified) to receive eternal life, which includes those who were alive at the time of resurrection and those who were resurrected from death - will have their natural, physical, fleshy, soulish bodies changed into new spiritual bodies like the Lord Jesus Christ already has and like the holy-people will receive at the time of their gathering together away from the earth by the Lord Jesus Christ.

[Reference: John 1:33, 3:6-8, 4:14, 23 and 24, 5:24-29, 6:40, 7:38 and 39, 11:25 and 26, 13:34, 15:26, 16:7 and 13; Acts 1:4, 10:40-43; Romans 9:1; Ephesians 1:13; I John 2:1, 4:4-6, 5:6. Also refer to the articles Adam and Eve, Pentecost and holy spirit, Love in I Corinthians Chapter 13, and Hope and Resurrection.]

Verses 22-26:

^.22Judas, not Iscariot, says to him, "Lord, what came-to-pass² that you are about to manifest yourself to us and not to the world?" ^.23Jesus answered and said to him, "If-ever someone may love¹ me he will keep my word, and my Father will love¹ him, and we will come towards him and we will make a room with him. ^.24The (person) not loving¹ me does not keep my words; and the word which you hear is not my (word) but of the Father having sent me. ^.25These-things I uttered-forth² to you remaining with you; ^.26but the encourager - the spirit, the holy (spirit) which the Father will send in my name - that (encourager) will teach you all-things and will remind you (of) all-things which I said to you.

Judas - not Iscariot (refer to John 13:30 where Judas Iscariot removed himself from Jesus and the other students with him at that time) - here it is referring to the Judas who was also called Lebbaeus or Thaddaeus. This Judas says to Jesus, "Lord (Master), what came-to-pass and continues to become (what came into being, occurred, what is happening) that you are on the point of manifesting yourself (evidencing yourself, making yourself openly-seen, showing yourself forth) to us and not to the world?"

Jesus judicially replied by saying to him...

• "If it should ever happen that someone would love¹ me (with God's kind of love, as verses 15 and 21 above)
  • he will keep my word (keep an eye on it, have it in safekeeping, and therefore not neglecting or violating but watching-over, taking-care-of, maintaining, and being observant of the spoken-account of my inner-thoughts; as verses 15 and 21 above),
• and my Father (God) will love¹ him,
• and we will come towards him (at a future time my Father and I will go to be with him; as verses 3 and 18 above)
• and we will make a room with him (My Father and I will make a place to remain, stay, abide at rest beside, at or with that person, that human-being; as verse 2 above).
• The person who is not loving¹ me
  • does not keep my words (the spoken-account of my inner thoughts, what I say which contains individual words constituting what I speak);
• and the word which you hear (listen to me saying it)
  • is not emphatically my word (mine)
  • but on the contrary, the word is of/from the Father Who sent me (it is His word which you hear me speaking, it belongs to and issues from Him; refer to verse 10 above).
• These-things I uttered-forth (spoke) and continue to utter-forth to you while I am presently remaining with you (staying, continuing at rest beside, at or with you);
  • but the encourager (as verse 16 above) -
    • the spirit (as verse 17 above),
    • emphatically and specifically the holy spirit (the sanctified spirit, referring to the gift of holy spirit which was first made available to mankind on the day of Pentecost recorded in Acts chapter 2)
    • which the Father will send in my name (God my Father will send it to you within the cause and sphere of action of everything that my name represents and stands for, my distinguishing and distinctive constitution, character, and quality - all the authoritative-power, ability, workings, etc, that my Father will give to me when He will raise me up out-from the dead-people and will cause me to ascend into heaven towards Him, designating me being Lord and Christ; refer also to verses 13 and 14 above) -
  • specifically that encourager
    • will teach you all-things (instruct you about everything, all the things relevant to me)
    • and will remind you of all-things which I said to you (cause you to remember, recollect, call to your minds everything, all the things that I told you [some Greek texts include a definite word for "I" to emphasize it - I myself said to you]).

[Reference: Matthew 10:3; Luke 6:16; John 8:51, 12:49, 16:13; Acts 1:4 and 13, 9:31; I Corinthians 2:12 and 13; I John 2:20 and 27; Revelation 3:20, 21:1-4. Also refer to the article Pentecost and the Gift of holy spirit.]

Verses 27-31:

^.27Peace I leave to you. My peace I give to you - not according as the world gives, I give to you. Your heart must not be disturbed neither be cowardly. ^.28You heard that I said to you, 'I go and come towards you' - if you loved¹ me, ever you joyed that I journey towards the Father because the Father is greater of me. ^.29And now I said² to you before (it) came-to-pass in order that whenever it may come-to-pass you may believe. ^.30I will no-longer utter-forth many-things with you, for the ruler of the world comes and he has nothing in me, ^.31but in order that the world may know that I love¹ the Father and according as the Father commanded me thus I do. You must be raised-up; let us lead from-here."

Jesus continues talking with the learning-disciples who were with him:

• Peace (tranquil harmony, tranquility, peaceful wholeness, without any strife or disagreement)
  • I leave to you (I am presently sending it away, dismissing it, discharging it, letting it go from my concern at this time - leaving the peace that is currently available to/for you; Jesus knew that he would be treated badly and killed very soon which would not be peaceful to/for him relative to the physical/fleshy category, but he was continuing to do his assignment from God so as to make the peace of redemption and salvation available to/for mankind; refer to John 13:1).
• Emphatically my peace (mine)
  • I give to you (to "give" anything to another is an unforced presenting or yielding something which the giver already has to someone else who does not have it yet - in this context, Jesus tells his students that he is giving his-own peace to them relative to the spirit category) -
    • specifically the peace that emphatically I give to you (I myself give you my peace)
    • which is not the peace according as the world gives (it is not just as, according to how, in comparison to the way that the world gives its peace, which is limited to/by itself, the cosmos, the ordered arrangement that God created but which has fallen from its original condition, being limited to/by the inhabitants of the world who reject God and His son, Jesus the Christ).
• Your heart must not be disturbed (it is imperative that the center/core of your being is not caused to be stirred up, agitated; as verse 1 above)
  • neither be cowardly (having the distinctive quality of timidity, in awe and fearful regarding different circumstances or situations).
• You heard that emphatically I (I myself) said to you,
  • 'I go and come towards you' (as verses 3, 4 and 18 above; also refer to John 7:33 and 13:33) -
    • if you used-to love¹ me during a past time (if you were continuing to be loving me with Godly-love),
    • ever you joyed (you would have been made joyful, rejoiced, been in the state of elation or enjoyment)
    • that/because I journey towards the Father (as verse 12 above)
    • because the Father is greater of me (God my Father is larger in magnitude, rank, importance, depth, etc, relative-to me).
• Also at the present time I said and continue to say to you what I am telling you
  • before it came-to-pass (previous-to the time for it to become a reality, to come into being, sooner-than it happened, before it occurred; refer also to John 13:19)
  • for the purpose and result that at whatever time that it would come-to-pass (happen, occur)
    • you would believe (have faith, trust what I am saying and doing; as verses 1 and 10-12 above).
• I will not anymore utter-forth (speak) a lot of things in company and association with you,
  • in truth, the ruler of the world comes (the one being chief, the one in the first-placed or dignified hierarchical position in this present arrangement - referring to the spirit-being known as the devil/satan; refer to John 12:31)
  • and he has nothing in me (the devil/satan does not have anything within my sphere of action, he holds not one thing in my realm of operation),
  • but on the contrary
• for the purpose and result that the world may personally know (it would get the availability to have a truly active and relative knowing, to be personally knowledgeable of the truth)
  • that I love¹ the Father (with Godly-love; as verses 15, 21, 23, 24 and 28 above)
  • and according as the Father commanded me (just as, according to how, in comparison to the way that God my Father charged or enjoined me)
    • in this manner I am doing (I am presently and actively performing what He commanded me).

You must be raised-up (it is imperative that you arise - get up!); let us lead from-here (we should direct, conduct, convey ourselves from this location)."

At this point in time, Jesus and the remaining learning-disciples went out from the house where they ate their last meal/supper together (this meal most likely took place in the house of Lazarus and his sisters Martha and Mary in Bethany; refer to John 13:1-5), and then they went towards the Mount of Olives.

[Reference: Matthew 8:26, 26:30; Mark 14:26; Luke 22:39; John 7:33, 10:18, 12:31, 13:1, 19 and 33, 16:11 and 33; Acts 10:36; I Corinthians 2:6-8, 15:28; Ephesians 2:2, 14 and 17; Galatians 5:22; II Timothy 1:7; Hebrews 2:14, 9:28. Also refer to the articles Adam and Eve, Love in I Corinthians Chapter 13, and The devil, satan, and evil. Note: verbs with a superscript 2 (²) immediately following them indicate the "perfect" tense - details are provided in the "Relevant Notes" link of this study.]

John Chapter 15