Additional events occurred before John chapter 13, which are recorded in Matthew 21:1 to 26:19, Mark 11:12 to 14:16, and Luke 19:45 to 22:13, and those events span the days from sunset to sunset of the weekly sabbath of Saturday 10th Nisan on which the lamb was selected for the Passover, Sunday 11th Nisan, and Monday 12th Nisan.
The next event recorded in the Book of John indicates that it was before the time of the feast of the Passover - it was not the day of the Passover yet. This event corresponds to Matthew 26:20 which informs us that it is the evening of Monday 12th Nisan approaching Tuesday 13th Nisan which would begin at sunset. We should realize of course that if this meal/supper had been the actual Passover meal eating the lamb at sunset ending the 14th Nisan then these men should have been standing according to Exodus 12:11. Also, that year Jesus himself was the true Passover Lamb who was killed, and so he could not be in two places at the same time (eating the Passover meal of a lamb with his learning-disciples and being the lamb that was killed at Passover).
John 13:1-5:
13:1But before the feast of the Passover, Jesus - having known2 that his hour came in order that he may depart out-from this world towards the Father; having loved1 (his) own-people, the (people) in the world, he loved1 them into completion; .2and (during) a meal coming-to-pass; (after) the devil already having thrown2 into the heart in order that Judas of Simon Iscariot may give him over; .3having known2 that the Father gave to him all-things into the hands and that he came-out from God and he goes towards God - .4rises-up out-from the meal and puts the outer-garments, and having taken a towel he throughly-girded himself. .5Then he throws water into the wash-basin and began to wash the feet of the learning-disciples and to wipe with the towel which was throughly-girded2.
Before the feast of the Passover (prior to, in front of, in advance of the celebration of the festival of Passover and Unleavened Bread), Jesus...
...rises up out from the meal (Jesus arises from the position of partaking of the meal) and he puts the outer-garments (he places his outer clothing; some of the outer clothing worn during that time would indicate or signify a person's position, status, authority, profession, etc, within a community - Jesus took those garments off and set them aside)...
Afterwards in sequence Jesus casts water into the container to hold water for washing the hands or feet (the parts of the body which would be washed when members of the family or guests would enter into a house and before they would eat a meal), and he started to wash the feet of the learning-disciples (students) and to wipe the water off their feet with the towel which was throughly-girded and continues being girded thoroughly around himself.
Washing the dust/dirt from the ground off of a person’s feet after removing the sandals or other type of footwear was the custom when people to whom you showed great respect and service would enter into your house. Usually it was a slave (bond-servant) who would perform this task.
In verse 1 above, the verb "to love1" comes from the Greek word agape which is God’s kind of love. To love with His love means to love the same way as God loves, to manifest God's love towards another, whether it is towards God Himself, the Lord Jesus Christ, yourself, your neighbor, or towards anyone else. Before the day of Pentecost (which is recorded in Acts 2:1-4), God told His people how to Godly-love in His revealed spoken and/or written words (and at times certain individuals among His people received holy spirit from God temporarily whereby they received information from Him regarding how to love in different specific situations). It is the carrying out of God's commandments, His Word, which is the correct usage or way to manifest God's kind of love according to His will. It is not the same as the brotherly or friendly kind of love, nor is it the same as the emotional/feelings/sexual kind of love.
[Reference: Matthew chapter 1; John 6:70 and 71, 8:42, 12:23-28; Ephesians 6:16; Philippians 2:5-8; Hebrews 12:2. Also refer to the articles Adam and Eve, The devil, satan, and evil, and The Name of God.]
Verses 6-11:
.6Therefore he goes towards Simon Peter. He says to him, "Lord, do you wash my feet?" .7Jesus answered and said to him, "That-which I do you did not know2 now but you will know after these-things." .8Peter says to him, "May you never wash my feet into the age!" Jesus answered him, "Except I may wash you, you do not have a part with me." .9Simon Peter says to him, "Lord, not my feet only but also the hands and the head." .10Jesus says to him, "The (person) having been washed2 does not have a need except to wash the feet but he is wholly clean; and you are clean-people - but not all-people" - .11for he had known the (person) giving him over; because-of-this he said that, "You are not all clean-people."
Following-on logically from what Jesus did in verse 5 above, he goes (comes) towards Simon Peter, but he says to Jesus, "Lord (Master), emphatically do you wash my feet (in Greek there is a definite word for “you” plus the verb meaning “you wash” giving emphasis – are you yourself washing my feet)?"
Jesus judicially replied to Peter's question by saying to him...
Peter says to Jesus, "May you never wash my feet into the age (the word translated “never” comes from two Greek words both meaning “no” or “not” – the double negative emphasizes the point – may you not ever, not at any time wash my feet for the duration of life, for/throughout the age - as though Peter is expressing his prayerful desire regarding such a circumstance)!"
Jesus answered him...
Simon Peter says to him, "Lord (Master), not my feet only (alone), but on the contrary, in addition you may wash my hands and my head."
Jesus says to him...
...in truth, Jesus already knew (perceived) and continued to know at that time the person who is in the process of giving him over (handing him over, delivering him alongside or beside another, handing him along to those who want to kill Jesus; as verse 2 above). It was on account of this (for this reason) that Jesus said to the learning-disciples that, "You are not all clean-people."
[Reference: Luke 7:36-50; John 1:42, 6:64, 15:3; I Timothy 5:10.]
Verses 12-20:
.12Therefore when he washed their feet and took his outer-garments and fell-up again, he said to them, "Do you know what I did2 to you? .13You sound (to) me 'Teacher' and 'Lord' and beautifully you say for I am; .14therefore since I - Lord and Teacher - washed your feet, also you owe-it to wash the feet of one-another, .15for I gave a pointing-out to you in order that according as I did to you, also let you do. .16With-certainty, with-certainty I say to you, a slave is not greater of his lord, nor an apostle greater of the (one) having sent him. .17Since you knew2 these-things, happy are you if-ever you may do them; .18not concerning all of you I say - I knew2 whom I selected-for-myself but in order that the writing may be fulfilled, 'The (person) eating my bread lifted-up his heel on me'; .19from now I say to you before the-thing came-to-pass in order that you may believe whenever it may come-to-pass that I am. .20With-certainty, with-certainty I say to you, the (person) receiving whom ever I may send receives me, but the (person) receiving me receives the (One) having sent me."
Following-on logically from the previous verses, when Jesus washed the feet of his learning-disciples and took his outer clothing (he received them putting them back on himself) and fell-up again (he set himself a second, another, further time, once again in the usual position for eating their meal), he said to them...
[Reference: Genesis 3:15; Psalm 41:9; Matthew 10:24, 23:8-12; John 1:38, 4:34, 5:24 and 30, 6:38, 39, 70 and 71, 7:16-18, 28 and 33, 8:26 and 29, 9:4, 12:4, 44 and 45, 15:20.]
Verses 21-30:
.21Having said these-things Jesus was disturbed with spirit and witnessed and said, "With-certainty, with-certainty I say to you that one from you will give me over." .22The learning-disciples observed into one-another despairing concerning whom he speaks. .23One from his learning-disciples was lying-up (at the table) in the bosom of Jesus, whom Jesus loved1, .24therefore Simon Peter beckons to this-person to ask-to-learn who ever may be concerning whom he speaks. .25Therefore that-person having fallen-up thus on the breast of Jesus says to him, "Lord, who is he?" .26Jesus answers, "That-person is whom I will dip the little-food and will give to him"; therefore having dipped the little-food he gives to Judas of Simon Iscariot - .27and after the little-food then satan went into that-person; therefore Jesus says to him, "That-which you do, you must do quickly." .28Not-one of the (people) lying-up knew this-thing towards what he said to him, .29for some-people considered since Judas had the receptacle that Jesus says to him, "You must buy of which-things we have a need with-a-view-to the feast" or in order that he may give something to the poor-people. .30Therefore having received the little-food that-person went-out immediately; but it was night.
After Jesus said the things recorded in verses 12-20 above, he was disturbed with spirit (caused to be stirred up, agitated with/by the spirit within him - just like a normally calm pool of water is agitated and moves when something else is thrown into it breaking through its surface and causing a rippling effect over the whole pool) and he witnessed (attested with the information that he just received from the spirit within him, he gave the declaration of knowledge that he now personally had and therefore he stated and confirmed it on the strength of his own authority) and said...
During that past time, historically, the learning-disciples (students) were observing into one-another (looking-at, mentally envisioning, being mentally aware of, contemplating each other) despairing about whom Jesus speaks (they were without resources or any means of help from one another as to the identity of the man to whom he was referring).
Also during that time one from among his students used-to-be lying-up at the table (referring to the eating area where the food was placed on a cloth or a slightly-raised platform, but not a high table that would require that they sit on chairs) in the appropriate customary position having a meal (usually on the floor with cushions), specifically located in the bosom of Jesus (he was close to Jesus within arms length, next to him so that his head was by Jesus' chest as they reclined at the meal), whom Jesus loved (with God's kind of love, as verse 1 above), therefore Simon Peter nodded as a sign for this man to ask to find out information from Jesus as to who ever would be the man about whom he speaks.
Therefore that man (the one whom Jesus Godly-loved, specifically identifying the resurrected Lazarus in his physical/fleshy body not by name but by the love that Jesus had for him; refer to John 11:5) - since he was fallen-up in this manner (such a position) on the breast of Jesus (located very close to one side of the front of his chest, most likely at the right-hand side of Jesus) - says to him, "Lord (Master), who is he?"
Jesus answers, "That specific person (man, human-being) is whom emphatically I (I myself) will dip the little-food (as putting the tip of a small bit of food such as a piece of bread into vinegar or soup before eating it) and will give to him."
The action of the host of a meal dipping some food into a shared dish of vinegar or other food item and then giving it to a guest was a common practice. This was a normal custom and so it would not stand out as something unusual to those watching but not knowing what Jesus said to Lazarus regarding the next action he was about to do.
Following-on logically, after Jesus dipped the little-food he gives it to Judas of Simon Iscariot (most likely located at Jesus' left-hand side). After Judas ate the little-food he made his deliberate determination to carry out his intention of betraying Jesus and so God took the temporary holy spirit-life away from him - then at that time satan went into him (at this point in time the devil entered from outside into the inside of Judas, into the interior of his physical body; this had also occurred on the previous day 12th Nisan, as recorded in Luke 22:3). The name “satan” emphasizes the devil's opposing and adversarial attributes being in total opposition to the only true God; it is one of the many names used in the Bible to describe his characteristics, qualities, etc.
Therefore Jesus says to him (to Judas with the devil/satan inside of him)...
None of the people who were continuing to lie-up having their meal personally knew (they did not have a truly active and relative knowing, they were not personally knowledgeable of) exactly what purpose or intent Jesus said this to Judas. In truth, during that past time, historically, some of them were supposing that since it was a fact that Judas was holding the receptacle (the container of money for Jesus and the other students; refer to John 12:6), Jesus says to him...
Therefore after he received (took) the small bit of food - specifically Judas went out from the meal immediately (straightway, in a direct manner). However, during this past time it was continuing to be night (nighttime, dark). It was after sunset which began Tuesday 13th Nisan.
[Reference: Ruth 2:14; Psalm 41:6; Matthew 26:21; Luke 22:3; John 6:71, 11:5, 12:6. Also refer to the article The devil, satan, and evil.]
Verses 31-35:
.31Therefore when he went-out Jesus says, "Now the son of man was glorified and God was glorified in him, .32and God will glorify him in Him and immediately he will glorify Him. .33Little-children, yet a small (interval) I am with you; you will seek-after me and according as I said to the Judeans that, 'Where I go you are not able to go' - and now I say to you. .34A new commandment I give to you in order that you may love1 one-another - according as I loved1 you in order that also you may love1 one-another; .35in this all-people will know that you are learning-disciples to me - if-ever you may have love1 among one-another."
Following-on logically from verses 26-30 above, when Judas went out from the meal, Jesus says to the remaining students...
In verse 31 above, it is interesting to note that both of the verbs “glorified” are in the aorist tense in the Greek texts, which is why they may be translated as past events – however, this tense can refer to any time past, present, or future emphasizing that once this event is accomplished, it is done, finished, it will not need to be done a second time! Jesus is talking about his activities carrying-out God's intention (His will) at that time and his own impending death, which will then be followed by God raising him up alive from death, as he explained in John 12:23-28.
[Reference: Matthew 22:37-40; John 7:32-34 and 39, 8:21, 12:23-28 and 35, 17:1; Romans 1:4, 13:8; Hebrews 1:3.]
Verses 36-38:
.36Simon Peter says to him, "Lord, where do you go?" Jesus answered, "Where I go you are not able now to follow me, but you will follow afterwards." .37Peter says to him, "Lord, because-of-what am I not able to follow you now? - I will put my soul on behalf of you!" .38Jesus answers, "Will you put your soul on behalf of me? - with-certainty, with-certainty I say to you, a cock may never sound until where you will deny me three-times."
Simon Peter says to Jesus, "Lord (Master), where are you going (leading yourself, as verses 3 and 33 above)?"
Jesus answered, "Where I am going (leading myself) you do not have the ability (capability) at the present time to follow me (to come after or behind me), but at a future time you will follow afterwards (later-on, after the present time)."
Jesus prophesied to Peter regarding the truth/fact that Peter would be given eternal life at a future time and be with him after Jesus himself would be raised from the dead by God, given his new spiritual body, and would ascend into heaven to be with God his Father, and then Jesus would continue to carry-out the assignment that God gives to him. Since the time of Jesus' prophecy, Peter died and remains dead until the time of his resurrection when he will receive his new spiritual body having eternal life. What Jesus prophesied to Peter will come to pass at a time that is still future to us today.
However, when Jesus said this to him, Peter did not understand and he says to Jesus, "Lord, because-of-what (on account of what, for what reason, why) do I not presently have the ability (capability) to follow you now (at this very moment, this point in time)? - I will put my soul on your behalf (I will place, set the life of my physical body which is evidenced by breathing, my soul/breath life in your interests, I will do everything I can in the physical realm, give it all I have available to me during the everyday living of my life until my death for you)!"
Jesus replies to Peter by saying...
While they were still at that location having their meal, Jesus again prophesied to Peter, but this time it was regarding what Peter would do in the near future, within hours of this conversation.
[Reference: Luke 22:34; John 10:11, 15 and 17. Also refer to the article Hope and Resurrection. Note: verbs with a superscript 2 (2) immediately following them indicate the "perfect" tense - details are provided in the "Relevant Notes" link of this study.]
